Kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv catalyst, vim nws cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib npaug, cov khoom siv diffusion thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov catalysts. Kev sib txawv ntawm qhov siab ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntom ntom, cov yam ntxwv adsorption thiab coking nyiam ntawm lub cev. Kev xaiv catalyst kom zoo raws li qhov kev khiav hauj lwm siab tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum rau cov txheej txheem kev xav tau, txo qis catalyst deactivation, thiab txhim kho tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab kev lag luam ntawm chav tsev.
Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwmnyob rau hauv atmospheric siab thiab me ntsis zoo siabyog cov me me, imposing tsawg yuav tsum tau rau txhua yam zog ntawm catalysts. Cov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg xws li flue gas denitrification, desulfurization thiab VOCs kho. Qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab rau cov kev ua catalytic thiab selectivity hauv catalyst xaiv. Cov pa oxides, cov qauv molecular sieves thiab cov catalysts rau cov pa roj flue yog txhua yam siv tau. Ntau lub zog ntawm cov qauv tsis tsim nyog, thiab kev xaiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub diffusion thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic.
Cov xwm txheej nruab nrab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab li ntawm 1.0 MPa txog 4.0 MPa, uas tau siv dav hauv kev ua kom huv si, cov organic sulfur hloov pauv, nruab nrab thiab me me - nplai hydrofining thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Qhov siab siab nce qhov concentration ntawm reactant molecules thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv load, thiab lub caij no nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm coking thiab pore blockage ntawm catalysts. Rau qhov kev ua haujlwm no, cobalt-molybdenum thiab npib tsib xee- molybdenum hydrotreating catalysts nrog zoo heev los tiv thaiv- coking kev ua tau zoo thiab tsim pore qauv, nrog rau kev hloov pauv molecular sieves, nyiam dua. Kev saib xyuas kuj tseem yuav raug them rau cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom kom txo qis pulverization thiab deactivation thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev -.
Kev kub siab siab tshaj 4.0 MPayog ib yam ntawm cov loj - nplai ua tiav cov nroj tsuag xws li hydrocracking, ammonia synthesis thiab methanol synthesis units. Tsis tu ncua txhua yam compression yog exerted rau catalysts nyob rau hauv siab, thiab cov khoom adsorption thiab polymerization yuav hnyav dua, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau cov cab kuj fragmentation, pore collapse thiab kev pab them nqi ntawm active chaw. Thaum xaiv cov catalysts rau kev pabcuam siab, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab, compactness thiab tsis kam mus rau lub siab hloov. Tshwj xeeb hydrotreating thiab synthesis catalysts nrog siab - lub zog sintered cov cab kuj raug pom zoo kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li nce siab poob, catalyst puas thiab sai deactivation.