Hauv ntau cov txheej txheem catalytic, cov pa roj carbon deposition thiab coking yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev ua haujlwm catalyst poob qis thiab ua haujlwm luv luv ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua suav nrog thermal tawg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, polymerization ntawm unsaturated hydrocarbons, thiab dehydrogenation -condensation ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab tsim carbonaceous deposits ntawm catalyst nto thiab hauv pore raws. Cov deposits npog cov chaw nquag thiab thaiv cov qauv microporous, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo hauv catalyst selectivity thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov pa roj carbon deposition thiab coking tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem optimization, hloov catalyst, feedstock pretreatment thiab niaj hnub ua haujlwm.
Kev hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb rau kev tswj coking.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev sib sib zog nqus sib sib zog nqus thiab condensation ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, ua qhov tseem ceeb ua rau cov pa roj carbon deposition. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub ntau yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom kom tshem tawm cov cua sov hauv zos. Tsim nyog nce qhov sib piv ntawm hydrogen thiab chav ua kom nyob rau hauv -situ noj ntawm hydrocarbon fragments thiab nruab nrab oily tshuaj nquag hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom coke los ntawm chav gasification thiab hydrogenation saturation tshua. Lub caij no, qhov chaw ruaj khov tshaj tawm thiab lub zog siab tiv thaiv kev khaws cia ntev ntawm cov khoom hauv catalyst pores, yog li txo qis carbonaceous deposits los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Hloov kho cov khoom siv catalyst hauv paus hauv paus txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv -coking kev ua tau zoo.Doping cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb thiab oxide additives optimizes kev faib tawm ntawm cov kua qaub- puag ncig ntawm cov catalyst nto thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen, ua kom oxidative decomposition ntawm carbonaceous tshuaj. Kev siv cov txheej txheem hierarchical pore rau cov cab kuj ua kom cov khoom thauj mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm qhov hws, txiav lub sij hawm nyob ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov pore raws, thiab txwv macromolecule condensation coking thiab accumulated carbon deposition.
Feedstock pretreatment thiab regeneration tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug.Ua ntej- tshem tawm ntawm siab- cov khoom kub kub xws li colloids thiab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw txiav cov precursors rau carbon deposition ntawm qhov chaw. Inert gas tag nrho purging yog yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm pib chav tsev, kaw thiab ua hauj lwm mob switching kom tsis txhob residual feedstock tsim coke thiab carbon deposits nyob rau hauv high kub. Dhau li ntawd, tsis tu ncua -kub tswj cov pa roj carbon monoxide regeneration maj mam tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm cov catalyst nto thiab cov pores sab hauv, uas ua kom cov catalytic muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ua kom qis qis qis thiab ua kom ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov thiab siab - kev ua haujlwm ntawm catalytic units.